Three characteristics of the positive electrode material of the power battery

In recent years, China's new energy vehicles have developed rapidly, driving the strong demand for power lithium batteries . The positive electrode material is the most important raw material in the lithium battery . In the current market, the positive electrode material of the power battery has three characteristics: system diversification, individual demand, and market change.

The first feature is the diversification of the system. At present, the positive electrode materials for power batteries on the market mainly include lithium manganate, lithium iron phosphate, lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide and nickel-cobalt binary materials. Different material systems have their own characteristics, and they have their own application fields and market demands.

Lithium manganate system has the characteristics of low cost, high platform and excellent safety performance, and it has a large share in the fields of replacing lead-acid batteries and low-speed logistics vehicles. However, this material has a low volumetric specific capacity and a high temperature cycle, which makes it limited in applications such as commercial vehicles and logistics vehicles.

Lithium iron phosphate is a power battery material that is currently used in the Chinese market. The high safety and cycle stability of this material make it a position in commercial vehicles, special vehicles and other applications.

Lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide and nickel-cobalt binary materials have increased in the power market in recent years. The global Tesla electric car has opened a new era of ternary electric vehicles. Based on the constant pursuit of volumetric energy, more and more electric logistics vehicles and passenger cars choose to use such materials.

Personalization of demand is the second feature of the positive electrode material for power batteries. At the beginning of the market development, new energy vehicles are all in full bloom, and the requirements for power batteries and materials are also different. At present, power battery products have various systems such as soft packs, aluminum shells, and cylinders. The performance requirements of each system and their application requirements in various battery factories are also different. Automobile manufacturers focus on the differences in battery management system and application environment, and there are also large differences in battery performance requirements. For example, some manufacturers have more stringent requirements for high-temperature cycling of batteries, some manufacturers pay more attention to low-temperature cycle life, and some manufacturers pay more attention to fast charging performance.

The market's multiple changes are the third feature of the power battery cathode material. The "encounter" of the ternary battery in 2016 can be described as ups and downs, sometimes denied, and sometimes sought after. For the first time, the new subsidy policy puts forward the battery energy density as a reference indicator on the technical requirements of the product, and the ternary material can be “lifted”. In the development direction of higher energy density, high-nickel ternary materials will undoubtedly become a hot spot for research and development and industrialization in the future.

The new energy automobile industry started from 2012 to 2015, and the adjustment and development from 2016 to 2017 is expected to develop rapidly after 2018. The application and development of power battery cathode materials will receive much attention in the future. On the whole, the future development of power battery cathode materials has the following characteristics.

The first is to clarify the goals. Every successful energy revolution in human history has a clear main line of logic, that is, an order of magnitude increase in energy density. If coal is 160 times higher than firewood, oil is twice as high as coal. New energy sources have the ability to subvert traditional energy sources only if they have a crushing advantage in energy density. Since 2015, the state has gradually standardized the new energy vehicle industry. In October 2016, the “Technology Roadmap for Energy Saving and New Energy Vehicles” was released, which set clear targets and requirements for power battery energy density and cost. Under the premise of ensuring safety performance, it is an objective requirement of consumers to realize the energy density of the power battery and the shorter charging time. Therefore, it is essential to optimize the power battery cathode material and improve the technology.

Second is the diversity of routes. In the new energy vehicle subsidy program announced at the end of 2016, the subsidy is linked to the volumetric energy, which indirectly guides the upgrading of the material system. The NMC ternary material with volumetric capacity advantage has become a hot spot for industrialization. At present, the power battery materials are not up to the requirement of 300 wh/kg of power battery energy density in 2020. The state subsidies actively encourage the development of new batteries, the hot high-nickel ternary batteries, and the long-term development of solid-state batteries in the electric vehicle industry. The fuel cell, which is hailed as the ultimate goal of new energy vehicles... The global research on power materials is in full swing, and it is still unknown whether the new energy market will rise and fall in the future.

The third is the process refinement. Tesla, the leader in electric vehicles, has been in frequent fires in recent years. The safety of power batteries has caused industry concerns. As a result, higher standards have been put forward for the standards of R&D, technology and production of cathode materials. On the one hand, it is necessary to comprehensively improve the level of production intelligent manufacturing, improve product qualification rate and consistency, and control self-discharge problems caused by magnetic materials such as materials; on the other hand, research and development technology informationization and intelligence need to be further improved to improve research and development. Sex, avoid detours.

New energy vehicle power batteries have extremely high requirements in terms of cruising range, fast charging, cost, safety and longevity. It is required that China's power cathode materials enterprises should fully consider the industrial chain to ensure the development, design, verification and manufacture of materials. The sustainable development of the new energy vehicle power market. In the current capacity planning of Hunan Shanshan Energy, which is the largest producer and sales of cathode materials in the world, nearly 100,000 tons/year before 2020, the production capacity of lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide and nickel-cobalt binary materials accounted for 70%. Hunan Shanshan Energy will conduct product research and development from two routes, on the one hand, in the direction of high-nickel ternary, and on the other hand, in the direction of medium-nickel high-voltage ternary.

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