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In order to further implement the scientific concept of development, implement the basic national policy of resource conservation and environmental protection, increase energy efficiency, ease the tight supply of oil and electricity, and promote sustainable economic and social development, the State Council recently issued a report to further strengthen the work of saving fuel and saving electricity. Notice (hereinafter referred to as notice).
The “Notice†puts fuel-saving measures at the top of the list. Among the five fuel-saving measures for automobiles, there are four aspects that are closely related to commercial vehicles. In response to the relevant measures mentioned in the "Notice", the reporter interviewed Li Yongfu, senior engineer of the Highway Research Institute of the Ministry of Transport, Wang Jian, a professor at Chongqing Jiaotong University, and Zhen Zhenqing, chief analyst of China Bus Statistical Information Network, and the China Automotive Technology and Research Center. expert. They believe that the "Notice" is a guiding document for China's automobile energy conservation and consumption reduction; to achieve the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" energy-saving emission reduction targets, there are still certain constraints; commercial vehicle energy-saving is still a long way to go.
Strictly implement the vehicle elimination system. Increase support and accelerate the elimination of old cars. The retirement period of old buses in municipalities directly under the Central Government, cities with separate plans, and capital cities with conditions must be 2 to 3 years ahead of the rated standards.
Wang Jian: Some buses in the provincial capital cities will be scrapped for 2 to 3 years on the basis of the rated standards, which will undoubtedly increase the pressure on bus operators. The "Notice" does not clearly define the "old bus". For example, what type of bus is in the old category, and it is reasonable to scrap it in any period of time. It only sends out a policy signal. In the future, relevant departments may formulate corresponding regulations to further refine and standardize the contents of the measures. Otherwise, this measure may mislead the company in the implementation process, so that some buses that could have been operating for 7 to 8 years will be eliminated in 4 to 5 years, which will also cause waste of social resources.
Zhen Zhenqing: Eliminating old buses can speed up the pace of new vehicle development and encourage passenger car companies to constantly introduce new products. This is an approach to boost passenger car demand. "Notice" is only a guiding opinion of the State Council. There is no clear definition of old buses and buses, and relevant departments such as the Ministry of Transport and the Ministry of Public Security are required to issue some operative rules and regulations. Only two departments can act together to implement this measure.
Strengthen transport energy management. Optimize the management of road transport organizations, increase the level of transportation intensification, and strengthen the assessment of vehicle oil quotas. For a bus with an actual load factor of less than 70%, no new capacity will be put into use.
Wang Jian: At present, the actual load rate of many domestic passenger transport lines is less than 70%. If these lines can not put in new capacity, it will restrict the development of new vehicles and lines, which will have a great impact on the transportation industry. The relevant departments should determine the demand for transportation capacity based on market conditions. If the traffic volume of the operation line is small and unprofitable, operators will naturally not increase their capacity.
Zhen Zhenqing: At present, the actual load rate of passenger vehicles is 30% to 40%, and operating companies can make profits. If you follow the 70% real load rate standard, I am afraid that many operating companies can hardly do it. At least for rural passenger transport, there is no longer room for development. I think that the scientific nature of "70%" needs further scientific research.
greatly improve on public transport. Accelerate the construction of bus rapid transit and rail transit, scientifically set up priority lanes (roads) and priority traffic signal systems for public transportation, strengthen the effective convergence of public transportation, intra-regional transportation and external transportation, and improve the efficiency of public transportation operations. The urban people's government must increase its input and subsidy to public transport, reduce public transport travel expenses, and attract and encourage more people to choose to travel by public transport.
Wang Jian: As far as energy conservation and emission reduction work is concerned, vigorously developing public transport is a very effective measure. At present, a large part of the fuel is wasted in traffic jams and vehicle idle conditions. According to a survey, setting up bus lanes saves about one-third of the fuel consumption compared to the conventional operating state, and can ensure orderly and unimpeded public transport and reduce the number of vehicles parked and transported. This is also a good news for bus companies, which will lead more bus companies to the R&D and production of buses to achieve the goal of energy conservation and consumption reduction.
Zhen Zhenqing: The state has long proposed a "bus priority" policy, but each city has different results. In some cities, public transportation has developed very well, and some cities are still stagnant. Although the "Public Transit Priority" policy is conducive to achieving energy conservation and consumption reduction, if implementation rules cannot be issued yet, some difficulties will be encountered in the implementation process.
Improve vehicle fuel economy standards. The timely increase and strict implementation of light commercial vehicle fuel consumption limit standards, pay close attention to the introduction of heavy-duty commercial vehicle fuel consumption limit standards, as soon as possible to develop the passenger and truck fuel consumption limit standards. Establish and implement compulsory automobile fuel consumption reporting, announcement and labeling systems. Automobile manufacturers and importers shall measure and declare the consumption of automobile fuel in accordance with a unified inspection method. Newly produced and imported automobiles must be affixed with fuel consumption labels in prominent locations. Relevant departments should regularly announce the indicators of vehicle fuel consumption.
Wang Jian: Automobile fuel economy standards mainly require engine technology. Judging from China's existing engine technology level and operational vehicle management measures, it is difficult to establish a reasonable standard for the limits of fuel consumption of commercial vehicles. On the one hand, the quality level of existing operating vehicles is uneven. What kind of standard is used as the fuel consumption limit standard for operating vehicles requires detailed scientific research and market research; on the other hand, if fuel consumption limits The standard's demand for engine technology is too high, which will bring considerable pressure to domestic engine manufacturers. Perfecting the fuel economy standard of an automobile is conducive to saving energy and reducing consumption. However, if the relevant standards are set too high, it may cause waste of social resources on the other hand.
Zhen Zhenqing: The Ministry of Transport has issued a limit standard for the consumption of fuel for passengers and trucks. It was originally planned to begin on September 1, but it may be postponed. It is understood that the requirements for fuel consumption limits for passengers and trucks are not high, and most vehicles produced by domestic commercial vehicles can meet the standards. The implementation of these two standards can promote the rapid withdrawal of old operational vehicles from the market, further stimulate the market demand for new vehicles, and facilitate the development of energy conservation and consumption reduction.
Experts from the China Automotive Technology and Research Center: The “Notice†is a guidance document on the energy conservation and environmental protection of automobiles. It will guide and promote relevant technology development and policy formulation, and will not affect the market and consumer behavior.
On February 1, this year, the “Limited Fuel Consumption Limit Standard for Light Commercial Vehicles†was implemented. With the development of technology, standards must also be improved. As for what time, in what way, or how much, it depends on the specific circumstances.
After the “Carriage Fuel Consumption Limit Value Standard for Passenger Vehicles†was implemented on July 1, 2005, according to a study by the China Automotive Technology and Research Center, the national average fuel consumption of the new car was 9.11L/100km compared with 2006 and 2002. It dropped to 8.06 L/100km, an average decrease of 11.5%. It can be affirmed that the implementation of the "Limited Standard for Fuel Consumption of Light Commercial Vehicles" will further reduce the consumption of fuel for automobiles in China.
The limit value standard for fuel consumption of heavy-duty commercial vehicles will be another important part of China's auto energy-saving standards and regulations system. This standard requires the establishment of test methods before the establishment of fuel consumption limits. In the world, the test methods for fuel consumption of heavy-duty commercial vehicles are not uniform and they are difficult to formulate and take longer. Therefore, the limit value of fuel consumption for heavy commercial vehicles cannot be introduced in a short time.
We must pay close attention to improving the management of trailer licenses, the collection of transportation fees and the insurance system, and encourage the development of suspension and transportation.
Li Yongfu: China's logistics costs remain high, one of the main reasons is that fuel costs and environmental pressure. Therefore, it is imperative to strengthen transportation energy management. Due to the relatively backward mode of transportation and the unreasonable structure of transportation vehicles, although the mileage of highways, especially highways, has grown rapidly, the role has not been fully realized.
On European highways, various semi-trailers such as van, tank, and refrigerated insulation are often seen. At the famous Hanover International Commercial Vehicle Show, car trains occupy a considerable proportion of the exhibits. In North America, Western Europe and other regions, the train trains consisting of semi-trailers towed by tractors account for 70% to 80% of the total traffic, and are mainly engaged in medium and long distance transportation. Drop-and-hook transportation has become the international mainstream transportation method.
Although the use of car trains for drop-and-hook transport is a low-cost, high-efficiency, fast-turnaround, and suitable for medium-to-long-distance transport, it is still difficult to promote it in China.
The current standards and methods for the collection of road maintenance fees in China do not reflect the encouragement and support of the advanced transportation methods such as drop-and-hook transport. At present, the transportation department separately levies road maintenance fees for each tractor and semi-trailer according to national regulations. The tractor is levied at 50% of its own weight, and the semi-trailer is levied according to the quality of the load as verified by the traffic police department. As a tractor can only hang a semi-trailer on the road during each transport, a company buying a semi-trailer means spending more than a fixed monthly fee, which virtually restricts the suspension of transport. Promotion and development.
In addition to this important factor, doubts about the traffic safety, transportation environment, vehicle quality, etc. of the train are also the reasons why it is difficult to promote.
In order to verify the adaptability of China’s road conditions to automobile trains, relevant departments of the Ministry of Transport have conducted special studies. The results show that, in theory, China's highways and one or two highways can fully guarantee the smooth passage of car trains.
Hitch-and-hook transport has always been the mode of transportation that we advocate. It hopes to be included in the research projects of the Ministry of Transport, so as to conduct more in-depth research on technologies and policies. However, the implementation of this mode of transport also requires a relatively long process, involving the improvement of the management of trailer licenses, the collection of traffic regulations and insurance systems, the revision of standards, and the coordination of relevant automobile authorities.