The precautions for using the battery are as follows:

1. Do not replace the charger casually. Do not remove the speed limit of the controller.

Chargers from various manufacturers generally have individual needs, so don't change the charger when you are not sure. If the continuation mileage requirement is long, you must equip multiple chargers for off-site charging. The charger that supplements the charging during the day uses an additional charger, and the original charger is used at night. Removing the speed limit of the controller, although it can improve the speed of some cars, in addition to reducing the safety of the car, it will also reduce the battery life.

2. Protect the charger.

The general instructions for use have instructions for protecting the charger. Many users do not have the habit of reading the manual. They often think of looking for the manual after the problem. It is often too late, so it is very necessary to read the manual first. In order to reduce the cost, the current chargers basically do not have a high vibration-resistant design, so that the charger is generally not placed in the trunk and basket of the electric bicycle. In special cases, it must be moved, and the charger should be packaged in foam to prevent bumps. After many chargers are vibrated, their internal potentiometers will drift, causing the entire parameters to drift, resulting in an abnormal state of charge. Another thing to note is that the charger should be kept ventilated during charging. Otherwise, it will not only affect the life of the charger, but also cause thermal drift and affect the state of charge. This will cause damage to the battery. Therefore, it is very important to protect the charger.

3. Charge every day.

Even if your continuation ability is not long, you can use it for 2 to 3 days, but it is recommended that you charge every day, so that the battery is in a shallow cycle and the battery life will be extended. Some early-use mobile phone users think that the battery is best recharged after basic use, this view is wrong, the memory efficiency of lead-acid batteries is not so strong. Frequent discharge of electricity has a greater impact on the life of the battery. Most chargers may charge 97% to 99% of the battery after the indicator light is fully charged. Although only undercharged 1% to 3% of the power, the impact on the continuation ability is almost negligible, but it will also form undercharge accumulation, so after the battery is fully charged, it will continue to float as much as possible, to suppress battery vulcanization. beneficial.

4. Charge in time.

The vulcanization process started after the battery was discharged, and at the beginning of 12 hours, significant vulcanization occurred. Timely charging can remove non-severe vulcanization. If not recharged in time, these vulcanized crystals will accumulate and gradually form coarse crystals. The general charger is powerless to these coarse crystals, which will gradually reduce the battery capacity and shorten the capacity. Battery life. Therefore, in addition to daily charging, it is also necessary to pay attention to the early charging after use, as much as possible to make the battery full.

5. Regular deep discharge.

Regular periodic discharge of the battery also facilitates "activation" of the battery, which can slightly increase the capacity of the battery. The general method is to periodically discharge the battery completely. The method of full discharge is to ride to the first undervoltage protection under normal load conditions on a flat road. Note that we especially emphasize the first undervoltage protection. After the battery is under the first undervoltage protection, after a period of time, the voltage will rise and return to the non-undervoltage state. If the battery is used again, the battery will be seriously damaged. After the complete discharge is completed, the battery is fully charged. Will feel the battery capacity has improved.

6, develop some good habits of saving electricity.

Use sliding as much as possible. When using the following slopes, use the early power-off slide to reduce the speed as much as possible. When you are about to encounter a traffic light, enter the taxi ahead of time to minimize the brakes. A friend told me that he would rather reduce the brakes once more in the bay. This makes sense. When starting up, it is best to add riding assistance, not only can increase the starting speed, but also reduce battery power loss and life damage.

7, pay attention to the charging environment.

The best ambient temperature for charging is 25 °C. Most chargers now do not have an automatic control system that adapts to the ambient temperature, so most chargers are designed for an ambient temperature of 25 ° C, so charging at 25 ° C is better. Otherwise, it will inevitably have problems of under-charging in winter and over-charging in summer. The ambient temperature is really less at 25 ° C, so there will be a problem of under-charging over-charging in summer. Fortunately, most families now have indoor temperature adjustment conditions, so when charging, it is best to arrange the battery and charger in a ventilated and temperature-controlled environment.

It is especially suggested that when the battery enters the warm room in the outdoor low temperature in the north in the winter, frost condensation will appear on the surface of the battery. In order to avoid leakage of the battery caused by frost condensation, it should be charged after the battery temperature rises to be close to the room temperature and dried.

8, make full use of maintenance conditions

Many electric bicycle dealers can provide battery maintenance and repair services, and should make full use of these services. Some brands of electric bicycles have been proposed to overhaul the battery. For example, regular maintenance of the battery can reduce damage to the battery. The repair of the state of charge of the battery can alleviate the "battery behind" failure, which is a breeze for dealers equipped with maintenance capabilities. For water loss, when the battery capacity is 70%, the water replenishment is better than the battery capacity of 40%. Even some brands of products have suggested that failure to overhaul at the specified time is equivalent to abandoning the warranty period of the battery. Consumers are subject to losses that should not occur. Therefore, consumers should make full use of the conditions of battery maintenance to increase the service life of the battery.

Through these methods, users can greatly extend the battery life. Some users have relatively short mileage, battery life is relatively long, and some problems are relatively difficult to find. Therefore, the "deep discharge" measure mentioned in Article 4 is also an effective way to find the battery problem in time, and it is difficult to deal with when the battery problem is serious.

A dealer in Wuxi asked: What is the working principle of lead-acid batteries?

A: The lead-acid battery is one of the most widely used batteries. It uses sponge-like lead as the negative electrode and lead dioxide as the positive electrode. We call these two substances active substances and use sulfuric acid aqueous solution as the electrolyte. Electrochemical reaction of the battery.

The chemical reaction principle of lead-acid batteries is as follows

Negative electrode reaction: Pb+HSO4-PbSO4+H++2e

Positive electrode reaction: PbO2+2e+HSO4-+3H+ PbSO4+2H2O

Electrode reaction: PbO 2 +2 H+ +2HSO 4- +Pb 2Pb 2 SO 4 +2 H 2 O

State of charge discharge

It can be seen from the above reaction principle that at the time of discharge, the positive and negative materials react with sulfuric acid in the electrolyte to form lead sulfate, so it is called "disulfation reaction". Under normal conditions, the formed lead sulfate structure is loose, and its crystal is very fine, and the electrochemical activity is very high. This highly active lead sulfate can regenerate the positive electrode of lead dioxide and negative electrode under the action of current during charging. Sponge lead. Through this stable reversible process, the battery achieves the function of storing and releasing electrical energy.

Shanxi an electric car user asks: How can users use the battery to extend the battery life?

A: Experienced users know that the cost of batteries is the biggest consumption of electric bicycles, so users are very concerned about the problem of extending the battery life. The first thing to assume is that there is no problem with the charger, and whether the user is using it correctly is critical to the life of the battery.

Mr. Li from Nanjing asked: What are the causes and hazards of sulphation of lead-acid batteries?

Answer: Lead sulfate has a high activity for a period of time after it is formed. If it is not charged in time or the charging is not complete, it will not be converted into positive and negative active materials in time. Lead sulfate will be re-heated when the temperature is low. Crystallization, which precipitates on crystalline lead sulfate, so that it is repeated again and again, so that the crystal particles are continuously increased, and it becomes a crystal of lead sulfate which is poor in conductivity, difficult to dissolve, and difficult to recover upon charging, that is, the so-called irreversible salting ( Salinization as referred to in this manual refers to such salinization). There are many reasons for battery failure, such as fatal electrode grid corrosion, severe deformation of the electrode grid, electrode active material shedding, battery internal short circuit or open circuit and other physical and chemical reasons, but statistics show that most of the battery failure It is caused by irreversible sulfation of the electrode active material.

This salt compound is difficult to recover into lead dioxide and spongy lead during charging, which is very harmful to the battery:

★ Its formation consumes active substances, which reduces the effective capacity of the battery, which will cause the battery to be scrapped in the long run;

★ Not only does it itself difficult to recover when charging, but it also blocks the voids of the porous electrode, hinders the electrolyte from passing through, and increases the internal resistance;

★More heat during charging and discharging, the battery temperature rises, it will increase the corrosion and deformation of the plate, so that the active material will fall off and the structural waste of the battery will be scrapped;

★Low charging efficiency, extended charging time, resulting in waste of time and energy;

★ Lead to more serious phenomenon of electrolyzed water, the battery is easy to lose water and dry up;

★ Due to the capacity drop, the output power is insufficient. In order to maintain a certain output, the discharge depth can only be increased, which will cause the sulphation to become more serious and form a vicious circle.

★ Due to the consumption of sulfuric acid, the electrolyte density decreases, the high current discharge capacity decreases, and the performance decreases.

The main reasons for the irreversible sulfation during battery use include:

â—† Frequent deep discharge and over discharge, not timely charging or insufficient charging;

â—†The electrolyte density is too large;

â—†Change in battery ambient temperature;

â—† The battery is depleted if it is left unused for a long time in the state of deficient power;

â—† The performance of the battery in the battery pack is inconsistent, and there is a backward battery with excessive difference; the performance of one battery in the battery pack is significantly lower than that of other batteries, causing the voltage of the entire battery pack to drop, and the battery is first filled when charging. The battery still needs to be charged to form an overcharge. When the battery is discharged, the battery is first emptied to form an overdischarge, which leads to further sulphation, which makes the backwardness more serious and forms a vicious circle.

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